3D Printing of Multilayered Hydrogel containing Hyaluronic acid and Linalool

Authors

  • Punnatron Kongsithiseth Centre for Natural Product Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
  • Satyajit Sarker Centre for Natural Product Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
  • Touraj Ehtezazi Centre for Natural Product Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24377/jnpd.article3240

Keywords:

3D printing; Hydrogel, Skincare; Linalool; Personalised

Abstract

This study presents the 3D printing and the development of multilayered hydrogel formulations containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and linalool (LN) for potential use as a personalised moisturising and anti-acne product. Various shapes were printed via 3D printing for personalised application; however, material characterisation was conducted primarily on the first layer. The average film weight was 2.11 ± 0.20 g, with optimal storage conditions identified as placement on a covered plate at 25 °C. Films containing 10% LN demonstrated a higher linalool release profile (maximum 22.66% of the nominal dose) compared to the 5% LN films, correlating with stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. FT-IR analysis revealed the absence of C=C and C–H peaks in blank and 5% LN films due to water interference, while 10% LN films displayed characteristic LN peaks. Texture analysis showed that the 5% LN film exhibited greater tensile resistance, with the highest force recorded at 27.500 g. LN played an important role in the transformation of hydrogel ink to a liquid-like state under high strain. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed HA–LN hydrogels for customisable skincare applications with dual functionality in moisturising and antimicrobial effects.

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Published

2025-10-08

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Section

Original Articles