Identifying factors related to alcohol use among young adults in Nigeria: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Alcohol use is a major public health problem in young adults in Nigeria. The drinking behaviour is influenced by a wide range of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. This paper aims to systematically review existing literature to identify the factors that may influence alcohol use among young adults in Nigeria in order to guide the development of preventions and intervention strategies. 

Methods: this study used a systematic review methodology utilising a thorough search of databases including PubMed, ProQuest and PsycInfo. The study selection was done using the PICo framework, focusing on young adults (15–25 years old) in Nigeria and exploring factors related to the use of alcohol. Qualitative and mixed-method primary studies in English and published in peer-reviewed journals were considered eligible. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools. 

Results: Following the search, 450 potentially relevant studies were identified, of which 10 studies were included following screening and quality appraisal. The studies revealed that alcohol use among young adults in Nigeria was influenced by factors relating to demography (age, gender, socioeconomic status and level of education), social factors (peer pressure, family dynamics and parental monitoring) and culture (ethnic and religious beliefs). 

Conclusion: Alcohol use among young adults in Nigeria is multifaceted, underpinned by a complex interplay of demographic, social and cultural influences. Intervention strategies should therefore be culturally sensitive, prioritise family and peer influences, and focus on the socio-economic inequalities that underpin drinking patterns.