Reasons for non-disclosure of sexual violence among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Sexual violence against adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa is a pervasive issue, deeply embedded in socio-cultural, economic, and institutional contexts. Despite its high prevalence, many incidents remain unreported due to various barriers to disclosure. Adolescents, particularly girls, are especially vulnerable due to factors such as poverty, gender inequality, and limited access to education and healthcare. This scoping review aimed to comprehensively explore the reasons for the non-disclosure of sexual violence among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on how cultural norms, societal expectations, and systemic failures contributed to the silence surrounding this issue. 

Method: The study utilized a scoping review methodology, systematically analysing existing literature on sexual violence non-disclosure among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. The review covered peer-reviewed articles, reports, and relevant grey literature published within a specified timeframe. The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing sexual violence, non-disclosure, and the adolescent demographic within the Sub-Saharan African context. The analysis involved identifying recurring themes, factors contributing to non-disclosure, and gaps in the existing research landscape. 

Results: The review revealed multiple barriers to the disclosure of sexual violence among adolescents in the region. Key factors included personal fears of retaliation, societal stigma, and the potential for humiliation. Cultural taboos surrounding sexual violence, particularly against girls, further discouraged victims from speaking out. Systemic issues, such as inadequate reporting mechanisms, lack of trust in law enforcement, and insufficient healthcare support, were also identified as significant deterrents. These factors combined to create an environment where victims felt isolated and unsupported, hindering their ability to disclose and seek justice. 

Conclusion: The study concluded that the non-disclosure of sexual violence among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa was a complex issue that required culturally sensitive interventions. Strengthening institutional support systems, improving access to education, and fostering environments that encourage open discussion and reporting were critical steps toward addressing this issue. Further research was essential to understand the specific barriers faced by adolescents in the region and to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.