Assessing the impacts of treated mosquito nets in preventing malaria and barriers that hinder their optimal usage among children in Uganda

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Uganda, particularly among children under five years old, who are the most vulnerable to its severe effects. Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) have been widely promoted as an effective preventive measure against malaria transmission. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ITNs in preventing malaria among this high-risk population and to identify barriers to their usage. 

Methods: A systematic review and critical appraisal of relevant studies was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. The review included both quantitative and qualitative research examining ITN effectiveness and associated behavioural factors affecting usage among children under five in Uganda. 

Results: The findings indicate that ITNs significantly reduce malaria incidence, with an estimated effectiveness of approximately 60%. However, barriers to optimal ITN usage, such as economic constraints, accessibility issues, and cultural beliefs, were identified as significant challenges. The review highlighted variability in study quality and emphasized the need for comprehensive education and community engagement to enhance ITN adoption. 

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of ITNs in malaria prevention among children under five in Uganda. To maximize their effectiveness, it is essential to address barriers to usage through targeted interventions, improve distribution strategies, and strengthen community education efforts. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, economic evaluations, and behavioural insights to inform public health strategies and enhance malaria control efforts in the region.