Understanding the knowledge, barriers and facilitators of women’s emergency contraception methods to avoid unintended pregnancies in the United Kingdom: A qualitative systematic review

Abstract

Background: Unintended pregnancies are a significant public health issue in the United Kingdom, particularly among young women, where rates remain high compared to other European countries. Despite the availability of emergency contraception (EC), its use is hindered by a lack of awareness, stigma, and misconceptions. This research aims to explore the barriers and facilitators that influence the use of EC among adolescents in the UK. The objective of this study is to systematically identify and analyse the barriers and facilitators affecting the accessibility, acceptability, and use of emergency contraception among young women in the United Kingdom. The study seeks to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve EC access and reduce unintended pregnancies. 

Methods: A qualitative systematic review methodology was employed, focusing on studies that examine the knowledge, barriers and facilitators of young women regarding EC. Data was collected from multiple academic databases, including Medline and Google Scholar, using a structured search strategy. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data, with the quality of the included studies assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. 

Results: The review included five qualitative studies that identified significant barriers to EC use, such as societal stigma, judgmental attitudes from healthcare providers, privacy concerns, and misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of EC. Facilitators included the convenience of pharmacy access and supportive, non-judgmental healthcare providers. The findings indicate that while pharmacies offer convenient access to EC, the lack of privacy and persistent stigma often deter young women from seeking it. 

Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for public health interventions to reduce stigma, enhance privacy in pharmacy settings, and improve education on emergency contraception. Addressing these barriers through targeted strategies is essential to increasing the uptake of EC and reducing unintended pregnancies among young women in the United Kingdom.