Barriers and facilitators of help-seeking in intimate partner violence: A scoping review

International Public Health Dissertation Prize Winner

Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health issue with significant physical and psychological consequences for survivors, particularly women. This study aims to comprehensively explore the barriers and facilitators influencing help-seeking behaviours among South Asian women experiencing IPV. Given the socio-cultural context of South Asia, understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems tailored to the unique needs of this population. 

Methods: A scoping review methodology was employed, guided by the Population/Context/Concept (PCC) framework. The review included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies published in English. Data were sourced from academic databases such as PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and CINAHL, supplemented by grey literature from Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The inclusion criteria focused on female survivors of IPV aged 18 years or older, examining the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking within the South Asian context. 

Results: The review identified several significant barriers to help-seeking. These included socio-cultural stigma, fear of retaliation, economic dependency, and lack of awareness about available support services. Additionally, cultural norms that emphasize family honour and traditional gender roles were found to discourage women from seeking help. Facilitators for help-seeking included supportive social networks, economic resources, higher education, and empowerment through community-led initiatives. The presence of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and community leaders advocating for women’s rights also played a critical role in encouraging help-seeking behaviours. 

Conclusion: This research underscores the complex interplay of socio-cultural factors affecting help-seeking behaviours among South Asian women experiencing IPV. It highlights the need for multi-faceted interventions that address economic empowerment, community education, and the strengthening of informal support networks. Policymakers and practitioners should prioritise culturally relevant strategies to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of support services for IPV survivors.  Future research should focus on developing and testing interventions that can be adapted to the diverse cultural contexts within South Asia.