A scoping review to examine any links between mental health and vaping

Abstract

Background: The use of electronic cigarettes, commonly known as vaping, has surged in popularity, particularly among younger generations. Aggressive marketing has positioned vaping as a fashionable and harmless alternative to traditional tobacco products. However, growing concerns about the health risks and potential mental health implications of vaping have emerged, with studies suggesting links to conditions such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. The complex bidirectional relationship between vaping and mental health, where pre-existing conditions may lead to vaping as a coping mechanism and vaping itself may exacerbate these conditions, underscores the need for a thorough examination of this issue. 

Methods: A scoping review was conducted to map the extent, range, and nature of research on the relationship between vaping and mental health, following the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Studies published between 2018 and 2024 that investigated the association between vaping and mental health conditions were included. Data was charted using a standardised form, and themes such as depression and anxiety were identified through an inductive analysis. 

Results: The review revealed an association between vaping and various mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality. While the nature and strength of this association varied, longitudinal studies indicated that vaping could precede and potentially exacerbate mental health symptoms, suggesting a causal link. Factors such as gender, educational environment, health status, and behavioural patterns were found to influence this relationship. However, the review also highlighted several research gaps, particularly the need for more longitudinal studies, investigations into the mechanisms underlying these associations, and the effects of different vaping substances. 

Conclusion: The findings underscore the complex interplay between vaping and mental health and the urgent need for ongoing research to inform public health interventions and policies. Addressing the identified research gaps is crucial for developing evidence-based strategies to mitigate the potential mental health risks associated with vaping, ultimately promoting the well-being of individuals who vape.