The effects of depression and mental health on males in the society: A scoping review.

Abstract

Background: Depression is a significant mental health concern that affects individuals worldwide, including men. However, there is a paucity of research focusing specifically on the impact of depression on mental and emotional well-being in men. This scoping review aims to explore the existing literature on depression in men, shedding light on prevalent qualities and variables that are rarely discussed.

The primary objective of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence regarding depression in men. Specifically, the review aimed to identify and analyse studies that examined gender differences in depression prevalence, societal perceptions and stigma surrounding male depression, cultural beliefs and their influence on men, and the relationship between co-occurring mental health disorders and depression in males. By achieving these objectives, the review sought to contribute to a better understanding of depression in men and inform future research, clinical practice, and policy.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies from various databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that focused on depression in men and were published in peer-reviewed journals. Data extraction involved collecting information on study characteristics, key findings, and implications related to the research objectives. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and patterns across the included studies.

Results: The scoping review included twelve studies that provided valuable insights into depression in men. The findings indicated gender differences in depression prevalence, with men experiencing depression at different rates compared to women. Societal perceptions and stigma surrounding male depression were identified as significant barriers to help-seeking and support for men. Cultural beliefs and their influence on men's experiences of depression highlighted the importance of culturally competent care. Furthermore, the review emphasized the complex relationship between depression and co-occurring mental health disorders in males.

Conclusion: This scoping review contributes to the understanding of depression in men by highlighting key themes and implications from the included studies. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions, improved access and affordability of mental health services, enhanced awareness, and strengthened healthcare engagement to address depression in men effectively. Based on the findings and limitations of the review, several recommendations for future research are proposed. These include conducting longitudinal studies to understand the trajectory of depression in men, incorporating diverse populations and cultural contexts, employing qualitative research approaches to gain deeper insights, utilizing more rigorous study designs such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and developing gender-sensitive assessment tools and screening measures specific to male depression.