Improving medication adherence and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.

Abstract

Background: Managing type 2 diabetes requires effective medication adherence and engagement in regular physical activity. However, there are unique challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa that impact these behaviours. This review aimed to explore the literature on medication adherence and physical health in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: An exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and relevant grey literature sources. The search strategy included keywords related to medication adherence, physical activity, and type 2 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa. After applying the eligibility criteria, thirteen studies were selected for data extraction and analysis.

Results: The thirteen (13) papers were included in the scoping review and the findings point to several barriers to medication adherence and physical activity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Socioeconomic constraints, cultural beliefs, diet, limited access to healthcare services and resources, and a lack of health literacy are among them. Various interventions, such as community-based programmes, health education initiatives, and policy interventions, have been identified to address these barriers. However, evidence on the effectiveness and scalability of these interventions is limited. Medication adherence and physical activity among type 2 diabetes patients in Sub-Saharan African countries face significant challenges. It also identifies key themes and interventions for improving medication adherence, promoting physical activity, and improving diabetes management outcomes.

Conclusion: The review emphasises the importance of addressing socioeconomic and cultural factors in intervention design, such as affordability, incorporating traditional healing practices, and adapting physical activity options to local contexts. It emphasises the importance of multi-level approaches involving individuals, communities, and health-care systems. Based on this review it was concluded that the importance of community engagement, health system strengthening, and policy development in promoting effective diabetes management. Interventions that consider the socioeconomic and cultural context, encourage community participation, and strengthen healthcare systems are critical. More research is needed to assess the efficacy of interventions, investigate the relationship between medication adherence and physical activity, and identify novel strategies for improving diabetes management outcomes.