The impact of health literacy on diabetic patients’ quality of life through self-management, self-care behaviours and glycaemic control in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) countries, diabetes is a significant noncommunicable disease with rising prevalence, impacting healthcare systems. Effective diabetes management requires optimal health literacy and self-care behaviours. Limited health literacy may lead to inferior health outcomes. This systematic review aims to explore the association between health literacy and the quality of life of diabetic patients, focusing on self-management, self-care behaviours, and glycaemic control.

Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, using rigorous procedures to identify, screen, and select relevant English articles from 2010 to 2023 in Medline, CINHAL, and Web of Science. The Joanna Brigg's Institute (JBI) checklist for cross-sectional studies was utilized for quality appraisal. The primary outcomes of interest were the associations between health literacy, quality of life, self-management, self-care behaviours, and HbA1c. In total, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria established in the protocol.

Results: In this review, we analysed 19 studies conducted in the EMRO countries to explore the intricate relationship between health literacy and diabetes management outcomes. Through a narrative data analysis, we found consistent evidence that higher health literacy levels among diabetic patients positively impact self-care practices, glycaemic control (HbA1c levels), and health-related quality of life. Notably, some of the studies highlighted the mediating role of self-efficacy in the link between health literacy and diabetes self-management and self-care behaviours. In addition to the mediating role of self-management and self-care behaviours. These findings emphasize the multidimensional nature of health literacy and its relevance in optimizing diabetes care and patient outcomes in the EMRO region.

Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted the evidence of the crucial link between health literacy levels and self-care practices, glycaemic control, and quality of life among diabetic patients. As a result, targeted interventions aimed at improving health literacy can significantly enhance the well-being of individuals with diabetes. These findings hold substantial implications for policymakers and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based strategies to empower and support diabetic patients in the Eastern Mediterranean region and beyond, leading to better health outcomes and improved overall health.